{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# User's Guide, Chapter 32: Articulations\n",
    "\n",
    "Articulations are elements attached usually to Notes that specify how the note should be played.  In `music21` we use the term articulation also to refer to indications that are specific to instruments, such as bowing or fingering information.  They all live in the :ref:`moduleArticulations` module and start with the class :class:`~music21.articulations.Articulation`."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<music21.articulations.Articulation>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "art = articulations.Articulation()\n",
    "art"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "All articulations have a `.placement` attribute which can be 'above', 'below', or None."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "None\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(art.placement)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'above'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "art.placement = 'above'\n",
    "art.placement"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "All articulations have additional `.style` information, which we will discuss in more depth later:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "art.style.absoluteX = 20"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now, most of the time you won't want _any_ articulation, you will want _the_ specific articulation such as `Staccato`, `Accent`, etc.  So there are classes for each of them:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "stac = articulations.Staccato()\n",
    "acc = articulations.Accent()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "To make an articulation display, attach it to the `.articulations` list on a Note:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n1 = note.Note('A4')\n",
    "n1.articulations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<music21.articulations.Staccato>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n1.articulations.append(stac)\n",
    "n1.articulations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Image object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "image/png": {
       "height": 49,
       "width": 131
      }
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n1.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Because `.articulations` is a list, a note may have multiple articulations:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQYAAABjCAYAAAB5e65hAAAACXBIWXMAAB7CAAAewgFu0HU+AAAOs0lEQVR4nO2deZAU1RnAf7ssp1xyqaB44xFdL4h4o0aNRlMkGsvExCOaKBgF450SYywlsSTBWEqMR+EZjaVRE6ssY1BjFFESoiGCKAaTqHiggOsCy8JO/vi60296+nX3zPSbHma/X1VX93S/fu+j6f72Hd8BtecI4GOgHdg9h/YVRakzTgc6gYK3vQ70zVUiRVFy5RRgI4FS8LfpeQqlKEp+jAM6KFUKBe/8rvmJpihKHgwC/kW0UvC3R3OTTlGUXJhJvFIoAF3A3nkJqChKbdkZWE+yYigAD+Uko6IoNWY2yQphpbfvBEbmI6aiKLViJPYJxwLSk5gBDAaWe+euzkNQRVFqx0XYlcJ7wIFG2fu888tqLKOiKDXmBaKVwhvAlqGyU4zrB9RQRkVRakgfYAOlSmEZ0fMIRxhlbqyRjI3Cnqj1qLKJMJboOYVxlvI7UtyjUNKxA/LMrstbEKWxaHZU7y4R564F5lvKfxq6d1TmEjUmQ7z90FylUBoOV4ph89Dv94EbYsqvCf0+OFtxFEUpB1eKYUDo9/XA2pjy4THyF7IVR1GUcnClGJqM4/XIcmQcA0O/d8tWHEVRysGVYugyjp+meA4hiu1Cv7fIVBpFUcrClWLoNI5fTFF+j9DvQRnKoihKmbhSDOuM4wUpyu8f+t2SoSyKopSJK8XQbhx/mEKGY0PnVmcrjqIo5eBKMXxmHK9KKHsoMDx0bmW24iiKUg4twJ0O6jV9IWYQ3wM4IuLcaNzI1WgM8/aHoc9LyYaxQJ8WJOxa1qwGjvOOPwbetZTbHFECYd5wJFcajgFGAH9H5O4HtAK9gcdzkslGh7dvI7/npTQWEwksajOnN0FE6G/ElLuXaA/M7VwJlsAIxBArSqa2nGSKw/dJuTVvQZSGYSlQcDXH0AG84x1H+U0A7AucGnF+gXFvrZmKeIZG0WQ5rygNhyvFAPCatw/bKAD0AG4j+mN70JlE8QwAJuXUtqLUFS4Vw8vefnzEtSnAfhHn24DbnUkUzyQkzJyiKA45jGB8bq5StCIGUFHj+OtrLKNPb8QDNC5o7ec5yRaHzjEoWeN0jgFgHoEF5GHevi/wAPIhhvmA/NLVnQZsRZAYR1G6NS4VQwfwknd8tLe/HXuG66nkY/HYDFyChJ3bBfhVDjIoSl3hUjEA/MnbHw1cSPQqBMAfgN86lsXGiUhinBlInEqNVK0ojtmHYIwelem6AHyE2A/kxV8Rfw4/WMzF6ByD0n1xPscAYj243Du2tXU2ohzy4ChkdeQm4iNMKUq3wrViGEFxbIYwM4HfO5YhjsuRJdJbcpRBUeoOl4qhL/LRR/lCAMwFLnXYfhLjEAeu20j2AFWUbkUT8LqjurehNCiszwZkaXCDo7bTsDUi31shOYYSHVqui/rLedEX2B5xU1+eUFZR0rAT0KsJONJB5VOAEyzXOpAVijcdtFsOjwLPAb8MnT8Z+H5E+XXA8Y5lKpcxwCzgCTSDl5IN9+Ao6/yFxFsQnuai0QoYBvSMOK+rEkp3ZilQyDq24vGIPUAccZORtWRF3gIoSr2S5eTjrsD9MXWu9/a2IYaiKHVCVophMBLdKJw4xudxJHcliBWk62VSRVGqIIsPtAfiGDXGcn0e8E1kggxk1n9sBu0qiuKILBTDdcCXLdeWIkOHtcCrSPxHkLiKiqLUKdUqhgnYjZQ+RfJF+JN8BQKnqi9V2a5LbBOyPWoqhaLkSDWKoQW4mejwbAXg20iPwWSOtx+PRF+uR7aynO+DRnhSugnVKIbJ2NPVTweejDjvK4ZewCFVtO2SqDwXPi6MwRSlYRiGDBWiDIGeI77b/bZX7mduRayIY4k3zppHfUWLVgMnJWuqcru+FkkWE+YT4FtI7AUbz3r7wyts2xX7AHcllNkfGT5p0l2loWnBbntgYzvgLMu1ixDT4bg653n374d4OK5FvBs/i7nHFc3AD4G9kZWVKBPpMJO9sk8joe7TZPOuhuGI7fpA5P/rM8QBbSWwmVemF+X/PypKFM0g3WINfqooShFNBH910tCMxEQcGjrfjoSFj0p534J4W04levgRRTsSPOUGahtZ6SqSY0S8guTlXJdQrlLO8eQYlKLsSuSZ3ok8Y0WploWIK39ZmDEcze0qS/mRwIuWe9JsbwF7litkFdySIM/bSNfeBYOBxxLat206+ahkxVIqGEVMIdodOWp8OwIJbFKpUjCTydZqafOBGDk+RRzFXDAUmauo9Bnllb1LaTwqUgz3U/pS3hFRrgl4PqJsNcrB1Udp8rKl/Q7EytMF/RBz8Wqezz2OZFO6HxUphvmUvpQHR5SbFFHO3NqRuAx+j6MroXwBWAT0L1fgMuiJPXWeH1xmDLIkm2WEm1stbabdupBlVEXJgooUQzi/43JKrSdbgP9Q+gKvRhyuWr17nvHO34d88IcDsxGlYfsIXI6l97O0eY1R5kHvXFbeoSMtbZazLcxIFkWBChVDG8Uv5a8jynyF0pd3DqVJZX5K0BMw2RYxp476CDqBHcsVOiWXRLR3n3H9EON8VorhpIg2y92mZiSLokCFiuFzil/K70SU+UWozFzEACfM17zrGyldMm1CgptGfQizyxU6JX8JtfM8gdxDCUy5s1QMl1K5QiggS8e2SNyKUgkVKYYPKX4xd4oo85RxvRN7AJdRRrmDLGWixt+ryN4keTgSQt5vYwkwxLu2BfC3kAxZKQa/11TJ1kn0/I6iVENFimERwYvZRbSzlPkRPRFx3eQ9r9z5lut9gNco/SgOLVfwBKYZdX9MoPAmI5ON4fazUgw/iag7rVI4KSMZFMWkIieqd4zjNqKdpcwo0HMT6nvF2+9rub4OGfuHOSCh3nLoDZznHXcAE5GHszNi8DTEcl8WVJJbYzWSofvhjGVRlP9TrmIws1bZnJ7eNY7bEup71du3xpT5I5Ic12TLhHrL4XxkuFAAzkAsNcFR0o0QT5H8jEzmIg5feeb7VLoBLUjU5rR0GMeDLPeaeSAPQsbrSeyJeCx2Wa4vQsyxffaytF0uwwiWI+9GrBv9euOU1Xiy60lMAy7DHjkKpAfzG0QxjME+b6Mo1dIPZPb/H2Xc1APYjSBYyeuUfsy9CV7ctZSGdzPpSWDR+CbFisdkAOLu7bMK+G8qieMZjSi4lRT3dEBWSnaw3LeUbJ27mpB/Y38C1+9O5Hm0EeTkUBTX7EL0KmIicwgmwWxh0MwySX4OfiSoU2LK7Evx5NusMuS1caRX1xyi4zBMwD75p+HvlUal4ghOpsPOVy1lphH0JO4k3oXYn2eI86IM/8WsNiHuAOTfsRiZyKuXtHmKUhdUohgeQUyeQQycouI5zCUYu++MTCCGLR99Fnv73WLaDKeln58sZiyzELmPo3hORFGUKjiDoFs9LaacGd/gXeRDDPMD7/riiGs+Vxj1rKC6HA/nA2tIdjyaQL5Dib7A6UiwmiuxR+RWlCypyMDJpxnpFRSQSbi4v/YXE3hSbqR0qdEf66/HbtFouiVfX6nQSM9jPfAR8ELCthC7Yng1VPbMKmSyEXZxXwds46AdRTGpSjGArCas8Sp5g/h5hFYkC9UjlP61N02jo2IumE5ZbcQv6yXRhPwFXujJHLdFeYj62zuhshdVIZON1RHtnuigHUUxqVoxgISK91/al6g8UrHvnHVC6PxAxFHIb+PCCuuvhKOwK4ZaxD9YEtHuhBq0q3RvMlEMUOxnsIR4wyAb//TuNwOa9kB6GH7dj1PbZC9nYFcME2vQ/kRk2OO3+QzZJCFWlDgyUwxQ7Ay0FpngS5OjwecJ796bvN+DgN8ZdT5P7XNd3otdMcyskQy7Is/yJDSprlIbMlUMIH9h11I8Dj+bdOHpbyYwNjoXsWr063k0ZR1ZsiP2MG8FxCgrHEJfURqBzBUDwO6UBlTtQLI2XY5kwD4K8aE4EukuT6bYUtKcaJxK7XNFbkP8ioS//Rm3npeKkgdOFAPIh3wypcFN0m7LkYS3o1wIF8N3keFDOHxd3LYCiZKdpRu4ouTJUqDQBPzYYSNbIU4Z2yJRksJRntcjy3IdwNbIx3Yt8UlxXTERSfrSjriUr0KGDKsJHKb6eWWGePuB3rkFSEAZRdnUuQAY0kR0QFdXNFPsPej7UwxGehkgGafVm1BR8mEcEjmtLtiSoHu+bc6yKEq3p17WxdcYxxr1WFFypl4UgxmgpW9uUiiKAmSnGI5GMjV/hHzkSxCLyLRjFTMKVDmGUYqi1CEtyGShbTnvBdLlm9zMuOeLLgRVFKV2pEnImiYT8zCjfFwkJ0VR6pxW0mWp7kKiOMWxvVHeVW7KeuE0xNrzWMQXom6WhhQlC64kvYXguQl1HWqUbfRVCTOFXwEx5pqPBKA5hto7iylKpswivWK4KqGuMwmckxqdvkiIuxsQs/GNFD+r9Yg36dWIwqwolLei5MV00iuGcxLq8l2cX0wo14gMRsyxb0Kct8LDs3akl3EZYpWm7tdKXeMHcU3aOom3ZuyFLHMWgB85lHdTYThiHn4rEiY//DxXIkvDFwB75CSjolhpJZ1imJ5Qz9lG2d1dCbsJMwoJ038HMhfhh8Hztw+BB4DvIVm6a+2mriglLCN+NeJG4o2o+ht1POZU0sahCUmddwIS4+JexLtzA/IcZ+cnmtIo2MK1p2U6cJt3vA4xdtoMibD8MEGWKRs/R3JSbsSt+3cjMRwZmoW3Hshz/CQ/0RRF6EFxQJbHSG9mfZlx3xVOpNv06QkciCwNP00wF2MudS4AZiArHWmsTBWlJoxGxrn+y/osMDKmfH+KM1TVOvpzPdOMZLm6BHiS6GhSi5AYmV9HQ8spdU4r8G+Kl9juQhKkjAX2QhLHzAQ+MMo9Qvdep29CTMCnIApyJaWKYBmSGPhUqku2oyi5sAXFId/jtnZk+NAd1+RHAJOAhygdGhSA95H0dGch8y+K0hCMR5bW3qf0pV+MZMEenZt0+ePn/PS3FUjP6Tzic4AqSs1wPbYfhPQkOhFF0RFfvFtwN+JN+oy3+Ql7FaVu+B90Z3nqOyUjZQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Image object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "image/png": {
       "height": 49,
       "width": 131
      }
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n1.articulations.append(acc)\n",
    "n1.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Image object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "image/png": {
       "height": 49,
       "width": 162
      }
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "doit = articulations.Doit()\n",
    "n1.articulations.append(doit)\n",
    "n1.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Some articulations affect the length of the note:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.7"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "stac.lengthShift"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Others affect the volume:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "acc.volumeShift"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Many articulations have additional parameters.  :class:`~music21.articulations.StrongAccent` for instance can point up or down:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'up'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sacc = articulations.StrongAccent()\n",
    "sacc.pointDirection"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Image object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "image/png": {
       "height": 74,
       "width": 156
      }
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sacc.placement = 'above'\n",
    "\n",
    "n2 = note.Note('A4')\n",
    "n2.articulations.append(sacc)\n",
    "\n",
    "sacc2 = articulations.StrongAccent()\n",
    "sacc2.pointDirection = 'down'\n",
    "sacc2.placement = 'above'\n",
    "\n",
    "n3 = note.Note('A4')\n",
    "n3.articulations.append(sacc2)\n",
    "\n",
    "m = stream.Measure()\n",
    "m.append([n2, n3])\n",
    "m.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Unfortunately, MuseScore does not respect `.placement` if pointDirection is specified.\n",
    "\n",
    "As we saw in :ref:`Chapter 13<usersGuide_13_music21object2>`, when a note is split, its articulations go either on the first note of the split, the last, or all the notes:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAXUAAABjCAYAAABkBZD6AAAACXBIWXMAAB7CAAAewgFu0HU+AAATwklEQVR4nO2debQcdZXHP/3ysu9kIYQ1MCQQJLIIRDZZhjAQcXBQx1FZBFTAgcAAAnMAGQ4TRRhAjiCDMkGFQRkVUBwOw7AMQowyhkUgDIgBhEQkkITwSN57eXnzx7cqXV1dSy/16+rlfs6pU9Xdv6q6r/v3blXd3/19LzSew4C3gB5gdg7nNwzDMDLiRKAfGPSW54CRuVpkGIZh1MSngQGKDt1fFuZplGEYhlE9+wC9lDv0Qe/9XfIzzTAMw6iG8cAfiHbo/nJXbtYZhmEYVXEtyQ59ENgE7JGXgYZhGEZl7Az0ke7UB4E7c7LRMAzDqJBFpDvz1d66H5iej5mGYRhGGtOJHxwdRHfwVwMTgJXee5flYahhGIaRzrnEO/Q3gP0DbW/z3l/eYBsNwzCMCnmMaIf+AjAt1HZB4PMPN9BGwzAMowJGABspd+jLiY6bHxZoc12DbDQMwzAq5ENEx9D3iWm/E6V38oZhGEYT8VnKnfqlCe0nhtpu7dpAwzCMdqTL0XEnhl6vAK5KaP9+6PWB2ZpjGIbRGbhy6mNDr68E1ie0Dys17patOYZhGJ1Bt6PjFgLbfShlMYlxode7ZmtO27IH8Mu8jTBahkOA3+ZthOEWV059U2D7AeCdlPY7hF5vmak17csQYEzeRhgtw5C8DTDc4yr80h/YfryC9h8IvR6foS2GYYhCehOj1XHl1DcEtpdW0H6/0GtXTxDtxg55G2C0FDvmbYDhHldOvSew/WYFNhwVem9ttua0LaPyNsBoKax0ZAfgyqm/G9hek9L2YGBK6L3V2ZpjGIbRGXQDtzg4blDb5WqS77wPi3hvO9zY1W74j9MDSJbBMKLoRoOkJwEH5GuK4YgtgNnAum5Uai5r1gJHe9tvAa/HtJuIHHiYFxzZVQlHAlOBJ5Hdo4A5wHDgnpxsiqMXpaktpflsM5qHY9C41fPAH3O2xXDDMGAmDkPXw9Hd4yDwyYR2PyBayXEHV4alMBVNkoqyaV1ONiXha+zclLchRlPzLdRP5uZtiOGMj6Hf+HVXMfVe4BVve1ZMm72QRkyYpYF9G83ZSGEyCksHMwyj6XHl1AGe9tbhHHRQfO9moh3lD51ZlMxY4PSczm0YhpEJLp36r7111CPfAmDviPfXAd9xZlEyp6PSeoZhGC2LS6e+xFtvT2k2zBxgYcw+3yY9BdIFw1HoxTCMbCmgrAyXvsYI4Nqp+zNLP+KtRwJ3ICca5k/EO3vXnABshTJuBnOywTDakS8CzwHn5W1Ip+DSqfcCv/K253nr76CrdhRnk89M0i7gfFRqbxZ6WjAMIxu299ZTc7Wig3D9SPTf3noecA7R2S4APwd+5NiWOI4DdkaTpDYi524YRjb44nzNmBLclrh26vd5622Q04ziLeBUx3YkcQHwZ2BRjjYYRrviF5pfkasVHYRrp/4ksDLlXKcip5oHR6AsnOtJrsxkGEZt7OKtX8zVig7CtVOfSqm2ephrgZ85tiGJC9Fj4Q052mAY7cpYipMPn05qaGSHS6c+EjnsKG0XgMXAVxyeP419kJjYzeSTRmkY7c4BKKXxWex/rGEUULqRC7alvAC1z0aUPpinsuA2yL6XQnZMIrqc3iYkNNZMjARmIKnilSltjc5lGlLxW05jw4z+ed8mva6CUR9jkc/tLQCHOzjBAqQMF0UvyoTJO8Z2F/AI8M3Q+59CubVhNgAfdWxTtcwEbgTuBa7L2RajeTkT+GtvvaxB5+xCkh9bAGchhUjDHfsDl6PEk8w5h2iVQ385wcVJa2AyMDTi/fOItvu9xplWMabSaFRCHiqNx3jnfAkTw2sEm1Uas64F+lHiUxd9kgZOG8mqvA0wjDZmgbf+NjZLu6FkOVC6C3B7wjH7vHVcWMYwjPZgPxTWXQ18N2dbOo6snPoEVHlnXMzn9wBXeNvzMjyvYRjNRQH4hrd9DaX1io0GkIVzHYJEumbGfL4E+Ds0mAfKLvlQBuc1DKP5+CQqJr8CzUMxGkwWTv2fgb+K+ez3KNyyHniK4sjskRmc1zCM5mISmp0NEujrydGWjqVep34I8ROI3gGOojggOUhR4Osv6zyvS+IGj4c01ArDaC0KSIV1S+Bu4Mf5mtO51OPUu1GqVFS60iDwOXSnHuRBbz0XGFXHuV2yVcz7I7DKSIYRxz8AH0eT4L6IZbzkRj1O/Qxgt5jPFlJUaAziO/VhwEF1nNslhyV85mKilmG0OvPR4OhG4G9xNAHGcMtkFF6JmqTzCMmhipe9dl93a2JNHEXyxKklNNdECpt8ZFSCy8lHBwLve8f/goPjG5WxefJRrXfqVwATI95/G/gMMJCw78Pe+tAaz+2KPYFbU9rsh/5Bsp60ZRityEHoiXwkmqKeV9F4I0A38bnlcewAnBLz2bloOn3SMZd4+++NlBLXIwW3PPJZu1AscA+UwRMlGxDmDK/tA0jbYqkz68QUVGhgHPq93kViaKuB0V6bYVT/OxrtRVI/Gea1GU12/eQYNLFoBMp4uSbDYxvV449RFgrYgIZhGEa7MNANjKlihy4k3zkp9H4PMIdoec1upANxNtEhmyh6UOGKq2isVOilpGu8/wY4Gqk2uuBLnh3j0xqiu7CJwC0UtTaMzqCafrIehUgOQ/23VqYhLZcjkOzHWcBtdRzPyI75qM5z1RLHexI9gHhpTPvpwOMx+1SyvATsXq2RdXBDij0vo8dcF0xA+b21fE82UNo51NNPah0o7UKDoH5yxKvAvjX/BYYLNg+UVrvjAqIlaaNiaVNRUYlaHbq/rKNx6Y93JNjxDsV6i1kzCcXma/2ObICqM6i3nxxc5fkKKCPsycAxbsPmazQjNTv12ynvKFEqbAXg0Yi29Th2Vw41yK9jzt+LZs+6YBSSUKjn+/m+I9uM5iGLflJpkZcxwMmUOvMXiZcDMfKnZqf+BOUd5cCIdqdHtAsuPUhX3b/T35TSfhBVTqkm/l8tQ1GcPOrcfmGPmShtc3qG570p5pyVLptQqqXR3mTRT0aXHVV0ob59CvAf6P/T3+91lPE1LGZfozmo2amvoLSjrKR8Vmo38BrlnWotEv+a4+3zEMXHuTEob30RpR0qvLiMHe8dc87LA21+6L2Xlcrk9JhzVrP8LiNbjOZld7LtJxcBdwL/ie7G10W0fxw4HnPmrULNTj384/9rRJv5lHeQB1GMPcjXKN6BB9keTWiI6pj9wE7VGl0h50ecLziyf1Dg/ayc+icizlntcnZGthjNyzVk109GoOn8UTdd96F5GzMa8DcZ2VKzU3+P0o5wfESbcAdcTPTV/uPe5wOUPxYWUCHlqM65qFqjK+SXofM8StHuSRTlDbJ06l+h8n/KqGU5qiJutDdLyLafHIpCpMej9MQZNJf8hVE9NTv1NyntLH8R0eb+wOf9xBfP2DrQ7oCYNlFxxDVkP01/CqV3L/+HqqCDpER/G7IhK6fuP63UsvQTPZ5htB9vYP3ESKZm7Ze3A9v+HUCYyYHt+9GoeRRvoBg9wF4xbc4Gngm9Nx7YP9nMqjmNogjZKhRCegcNED2fYF+99KU3iWQjqib1WIa2GM1LrcUmrJ90INU69VcC2+uIFu7qD2wvTjmeP7stzmluQLHuMB9OOW41DAe+7G33AsciHfid0WSkLWL2y4K4C14Sa4HjsCIEncQjNexj/aRDqdapPxfYjhPgCsZ01qUc7ylvPSehzX+hEfog01KOWw1nohDLIHASGvWHbNMW47if9O8oyGIkPvYzN+YYTcrXsX5iVEg3MK+K9r2B7fEx+64JbB+A4tNp7I4mNmyK+fx5JFHg88GYc1fLZIopi99DIRf/uEkXmrlkdwd/CXAB8RWXQE8O/47+WWcSP05htC/WT4wkfP84vEB5zDqJIcCuFEfKn6PcEQ+n2JnWU17SLshQijNFX6T0ohFkLJL89VkD/LEii5PZDl2cVlM+ajwa2DFmv9+TrdBYAf2NYyjK//aj72MdtcfejfbC+okRxziUDh7nQxN5kOLIelzpt2CbNN0WXyTo0wlt9qJ0RP/GKuyN43DvWA8SraN+CPEZBVllvxiGYWRBXZWPguJRH4tpcwnFO/hbSJYH9ePqSWqM4TuQWgYYg4xFf8cyNJjUn9zcMAyjNajFqf8EyQCAJi9E6Uksphir3hkNdoZnlPos89a7Jpxzy9DrJ9LNTORGZPfRlI4BNDurgI/kbYTRFNxH/f8HhrGZkyiGIi5JaBfUJ38dOdEwf+99viziM5+LAsdZRXJh6zTORIVy00SwDqH5wi8/pzgBK+4iabQ356JU4gGU2nsiKiZzMbBbjnYZ+VLzjFKfLnQ3PogGDJPuss+jqMg4QHk6oh/b7iN+pmhQcvTKWo1Gd/x9wJ/RhIyk5XfEO/WnQm0/X4dNtbDasyNpENpoL+ajQTB/HAikqhjslxuwjJdOpa6YOihefjJy6COAu4iPm1+NFBAfRBVb3gp9/oK3Hkq07MB8lMII0p65rkabQc78m0juYHLKkjQOMCHU1uUEpSgmIm3sHdBv8RL6noz246toItG96AmtgG6EoDztdjjZpPoaHcxnKN4l/Iraq4n7QmHHhN4fh6QI/HOcU+Pxa+EI4u/Um0m//GaKevT9KN/e5FJbm8PRbGv/d32P6AIVl1PeN49rkI1Gc1F3+CXIJZQKYSVN2onjWW//YPHkIWhQ1j/2PTRWSe4k4p36sQ20o1K+ip6cfBtfRXUljdZgBnqKDP6GL5M8ML4HCif67R+ivvEmo3XJ1KkD/BPFjrUeDUZG5X7Hca+37/Xe6/HATwPHfBSV82okPyDeqV/bYFuq4RjgD8hO/07vLeDfKJ2Va+TP55Aj9h35Jm/5BQprVsIu6P/tE5hD72Qyd+qgO9vgXcYrwKnEl9AK8i2KA0Cnodmi/nHuqvAYWbIT8aXtBtGEqUkNtqlapqLqNv7gmu80elEt1tPyM61j2RbVG3iVogMPZnUtzM80o8Vx4tQBZlNevLkXeAC4EN2ZHIE0YQ5HYYwzKJ2B6i/rkPRuo8X7tyU588Vf/ofGD5DWylw0SP0+pQ7ef7J6Bg1AH5qXgW3KicCP0D/aRjTmEXTkK4FvkH19AKPzcObUQU74U5QXlqh0WYlU6bZ2YVwCJ6OQS1S9xrhlFfBdspUCds0c4A6Kf+emwNpf1gAPo8pM5ujTmYp0y7+G9JD8p7ygA/efkl4DLsvFSqOd2ezUC2iAzRVbAbOQ0MwUJEQUpA+la/UC23hGXUG0TrtrjkWpij1IVngNCrOspSjeNcprs4W3Hue9txR4usH2ZsEwNJFqFvqthqHfwH86GvTWBeSUNqDv5E+oyMkrKGe+U9gGpZFuheY8jENjRwVKvysCr3tQBtfzJE+wM4x6mIVuLNYWiC4e7YouStXlfH2YCejuHuBWTG0uT2ahTIxpKCyQNpfB/w03oovze+gp4F10QVyNLgTNzFB0oZ6I+uIYpA80Gl3ohiAnnfZdbEQXvtfRxLAVyc0NIzMmofD3u81SbHYaCruA7oRezc8UI8SeKEd6rre9JcU7eogf8xgMbA8gx7gJOb4+5PzWoSeit73lNe/Yveii3+dtbwis+9Dd7xiUITICTboZgS5CwwML6O56InpSHI+erEYgR+5ni3SF7K3kb3ofPan8BhUt/wWa3GYYudIsTn0cuqsDqTU+m6MtRmXMQ9LLO6MZv1OQw+ymMgcZxWB6E0AXh0pnQ9dyfj+c0o8uPCuA/0Xx8vux/mk0Mc3i1IejuzCAfTH1uVZnJpKGmO1tb4VCOqMpvUsOx5/jnHUl/TTqghAcH/DX/tNCPxor8ccIXkKSFc8gB97sISPDiCSrVKp5KDVxf/SI+wpwG1KP2xC/22aC1ZOqmbRkNCcvUrnm/VSURro9iguOpxhSGR7YHhrY7vG2/TBNOETjr99BOj+voQlZlfRFw+houtHAZlzK32OUZ7xEMTqwz74uDDUMwzDSuYn0XO7vV3CcyYH2SRWQDMMwDEfMoXRyRdyyCQ2mJTEj0H4nR/Y2CyegUNVRSLejUo0PwzAMp1xM5TMv03RGDg60HevI3mbhfkq/mwE0MHwlcCSNFy4zDMMAVOezUqd+acqxPk9RKKvdGYnK+l2FpBQGKP2u+pAq5WXoYmfa6IZhNISFVO7Uv5RyLF/m9nFXxjYxE5BEwfVISCwc0upBd/cXAPtg8qqGYTjCLxidtvSjdLU4hqGZeIPAPzq0t1WYgiQTbkJpgeHvczVSXDwL+EBONhqG0YbMoTKnnqYRfWqg7WxXxrYwWwPHIzXIJyiW/vOXN5Hq4hdQjddmmVBmGEYLspzkrJfrSJ7OPSZwjLudWto+FIAdUYWjC1HoaimaJTkILMrPNMMw8qbeGaULUeFj0Gy9W9FEoteAHwNPpez/L0jAawC3EsDtxBQUzgovQ9D3+HZ+phmG0eoMobQYxt1ULrR0QWC/i5xY1/oMRdILF6PqUf7YQzAdcilwNcqoqWT2rmEYRiLbobiu72geBqYntB8D3BBofw8WB/bpQkUrzgfuI7oK0/Oopuvf0Drl9AzDaDHmIA30YBrercBxyEl9EJgPXIsU8fx2P6Gz87ALSBZhAbq4rabciS8HbgE+i9QODcMwGsKWwE+pLCOmB4VcOjHneipwOnAn5eGUQaTdfTtwChpvMAzDyJW5KP1uBeUOaxlwOQrZdCqLKf1OVqEnli8Du+Zol2EYbYDrWPZ4dAffj5x8r+PztQLfQ6qUD3nLU8i5G4Zh1M3/A19Q+JpGaJJDAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Image object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "image/png": {
       "height": 49,
       "width": 186
      }
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n12, n22 = n1.splitAtQuarterLength(0.5)\n",
    "m2 = stream.Measure()\n",
    "m2.append([n12, n22])\n",
    "m2.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "This property is determined by the `.tieAttach` value for an articulation:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "('first', 'last')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "acc.tieAttach, stac.tieAttach"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Breath marks can have a `.symbol` of 'comma' or 'tick':"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Image object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "image/png": {
       "height": 74,
       "width": 186
      }
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bm2 = articulations.BreathMark()\n",
    "bm2.symbol = 'comma'\n",
    "n2.articulations.append(bm2)\n",
    "\n",
    "bm3 = articulations.BreathMark()\n",
    "bm3.symbol = 'tick'\n",
    "n3.articulations.append(bm3)\n",
    "\n",
    "m.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Again, unfortuantely, some MusicXML readers do not respect this value.\n",
    "\n",
    "MusicXML distinguishes articulations from technical indicates, but in `music21` these are all in the `articulations` module and stored in the `.articulations` list.  They do, however, have `TechnicalIndication` in their classes: "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "('Fingering',\n",
       " 'TechnicalIndication',\n",
       " 'Articulation',\n",
       " 'Music21Object',\n",
       " 'ProtoM21Object',\n",
       " 'object')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f = articulations.Fingering(5)\n",
    "f.classes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f.fingerNumber"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Image object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "image/png": {
       "height": 64,
       "width": 170
      }
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n3.articulations = []\n",
    "n3.articulations.append(f)\n",
    "m.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "`Music21` can represent all the information in MusicXML articulations, and every MusicXML technical indication with the exception of guitar information, arrows, and woodwind/brass fingering."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "This is a short chapter, because once you know a bit about articulations, you'll just want to spend your time in the :ref:`moduleArticulations` module reference to learn more about them.  But there is a related concept called \"expressions\" that we will learn about in :ref:`Chapter 33: Expressions and Ornaments<usersGuide_33_expressions>`"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.7.2"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 2
}
